Diverse Engagement


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Moderator
Yusuf Hassan, Fellow, OB-HRM & Sports Management, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholms län, Sweden
Moderator
Yanying Chen, Bilingual Teaching and International Affairs Management, Business School, NingboTech University, China, Zhejiang, China

That's How They Rolled - Women Bowlers and Their Impact on World War II: The Fascinating But Largely Unknown Story of the Wings of Mercy Campaign View Digital Media

Paper Presentation in a Themed Session
Roxanne Owens  

When examining the history of sports, we see how it mirrors the social revolutions of the United States. For several generations, just as in other aspects of society--women were not welcome, diverse people were not welcome. But sports has a way of breaking certain barriers and helping to unite communities. The Women's International Bowling Congress was a pivotal organization that had a profound impact on not only women's participation in the sport of bowling, but also their contribution to the war effort. This paper details the fascinating story of how women bowlers across America used their creativity and community connections to raise millions of dollars to save the lives of thousands of soldiers during World War II. Though everyone knows about efforts on the homefront from Rosie the Riveter, it's time they also know about Bonnie the Bowler.

Five Decades of Gender Equity in College Sports: Contrasting Cases of Title IX Compliance at Big-Time, Big Ten Programs View Digital Media

Paper Presentation in a Themed Session
Jordan Tegtmeyer  

Fifty years since its passage, Title IX and intercollegiate athletics continue to be in conflict. Though plenty of research has been done regarding the two, there has been little research that practitioners can use in real-world contexts. This study explores two Big Ten institutions, the University of Minnesota and the University of Illinois, to better understand the why public universities are still struggling with Title IX compliance. The purpose of this study is to explore various institutional and athletic department characteristics and their potential impact on an institution’s compliance with Title IX’s proportionality component. Using a qualitative multi-case study, I focus on two Division I institutions to develop a better understanding of how institutional structures and market forces have impacted Title IX compliance. This study examines Equity in Athletics Data Analysis (EADA) and institutional data, institutional and external reports, documents, meeting minutes, and memos to compare these institutional and athletic department characteristics and contextualize their impact on institutional Title IX compliance. Espinoza’s (2007) equity-equality framework as well as a structuralism/subordination framework were used to examine various institutional characteristics and Title IX compliance at these two Power 5 institutions.

Disability, Inclusion, and Sports in the US territories: Special Olympics in American Samoa, Guam, and Puerto Rico

Paper Presentation in a Themed Session
Juliann Anesi  

The Special Olympics is a program with more than one million participants and 500,000 volunteers. The Special Olympics organization has been endorsed by local communities in the U.S. territories of American Sāmoa, Guam, and Puerto. This project focuses on the Special Olympics as an inclusive organization that uses sports to include people with intellectual disabilities in the mentioned U.S territories. I am particularly interested in disability and its relation to disability and inclusion. Through interviews, oral histories, and archival research, this project examines Indigenous women’s experiences and participation in the Special Olympics games. I argue that disability sports are not adequate programs or solutions for community inclusion—rather, inclusion cannot be merely about physical inclusion but must include people’s cultural attitudes and relations to land and place. This study addresses the gap in research especially focusing on Indigenous girls and women with disabilities. Research questions that guide the project are: What is role in the Special Olympics in your lives? What efforts must be taken for people with intellectual disabilities to be included in the community and to dismantle ableism? I expand on what scholar activist Talila Lewis defines as the working definition of “ableism,” one way to explain how disability affects the lives of disabled people and those in racial communities. “Ableism,” is a system that places values on people’s bodies and minds based on socially constructed societal ideas of normality, desirability, and productivity. These constructed ideas are deeply rooted in anti-Blackness, eugenics, misogyny, colonialism, imperialism, and capitalism.

Disability Inclusion Is a Disabling Illusion View Digital Media

Paper Presentation in a Themed Session
Aubrey H. Shaw,  Sharon Kay Stoll  

Inclusion and equity are the buzzwords of civilized society. Racial and gender equity presentations are available at every professional conference. However, we contend that inclusion and equity for people with physical disabilities has not the same appeal, and actually is but an illusion. We do not believe inclusion and equity exists for this population. An example can be found in school physical education programs. The illusion is manufactured by well-meaning teachers and administrators who develop supposed inclusionary practice. For example, a student with a physical disability is given the task of being a line judge for a game or assigned the task of referee. Or, a child with a physical disability is pushed by an aide around the playing area, while the abled bodied children play. Including a student who has a physical disability in such fashion is a disabling illusion that teachers have created for years, often supported by the school’s legal department. Instead, the practice is exclusionary and the child is denied the opportunity to play and be fully involved with the abled bodied students. The purpose of this study is threefold: 1) to examine why disability inclusion in its current state is a disabling illusion, 2) to apply Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s description of the abled bodied perspective as a limitation for abled bodied teachers to practice inclusion for children with a physical disability, and 3) to provide solutions of how disability inclusion in physical education and sport can be fruitful for everyone involved.

Featured Ethical Issues Surrounding Female Athlete Reproductive Rights in a Digital Age View Digital Media

Paper Presentation in a Themed Session
Olivia R. Howe  

This paper discusses a current research project which examines the ethical ambiguities of menstrual tracking in women’s sports today. Since the ruling of Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022) and the consequent overturning of Roe v. Wade (1973) and Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) in the US, debates surrounding menstrual health tracking for athletes have arisen, specifically due to the fear that this health data could be subpoenaed by the US Supreme Court and used against athletes who seek abortions (Blanco 2022). Research suggests that menstrual tracking of female athletes presents potential risks to ‘women’s autonomy, privacy, and safety in sport’ (Casto 2022, 1725). At present, philosophical and ethical insights into female athletes’ reproductive rights are particularly under-researched, and this project seeks to combine novel research in the female-specific sport sciences with present ethical debates in the philosophy of sports. By utilising feminist philosophies by the likes of Beauvoir (2011) and Young (2014), this study considers what constitutes reproductive rights for female athletes in Western societies, discussing feminist ethical issues of autonomy and privacy in a digital era.

Digital Media

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